A bayyane yake cewa annobar ta fallasa raunin sarkar samar da kayayyaki a duniya - matsalar da masana'antar kera kayayyaki za ta ci gaba da fuskanta a bana.Jam'iyyun sarkar samar da kayayyaki suna bukatar sassauci mai zurfi da hadin gwiwa don su kasance cikin shiri sosai don tunkarar rikicin da fatan tunkarar wannan rikici na baya-bayan nan.
A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, tabarbarewar hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki a duniya, cunkoso a tashar jiragen ruwa, karancin karfin aiki, hauhawar farashin kayayyakin ruwa da annoba ta ci gaba da haifar da kalubale ga masu jigilar kayayyaki, tashoshin jiragen ruwa, masu jigilar kayayyaki da kayayyaki.Ana sa ran 2022, masana sun kiyasta cewa za a ci gaba da matsin lamba kan sarkar samar da kayayyaki a duniya - wayewar gari a karshen ramin ba zai bayyana ba sai rabin na biyu na shekara da farko.
Mafi mahimmanci, yarjejeniya a cikin kasuwar jigilar kayayyaki ita ce matsin lamba zai ci gaba a cikin 2022, kuma ba zai yuwu yawan jigilar kayayyaki ya koma matakin da ya dace kafin barkewar cutar ba.Batutuwan karfin tashar jiragen ruwa da cunkoso za a ci gaba da hadewa tare da bukatu mai karfi daga masana'antar kayayyakin masarufi ta duniya.
Monika Schnitzer, wata kwararriyar tattalin arziki ta Jamus, ta yi hasashen cewa bambance-bambancen Omicron na yanzu zai kara yin tasiri kan lokacin jigilar kayayyaki a duniya cikin watanni masu zuwa.Ta yi gargadin "Wannan na iya kara dagula kuncin bayarwa da ke akwai.""Saboda bambance-bambancen delta, lokacin jigilar kayayyaki daga China zuwa Amurka ya karu daga kwanaki 85 zuwa kwanaki 100, kuma yana iya sake karuwa. Yayin da al'amura ke ci gaba da tabarbarewa, kasashen Turai ma suna fama da wadannan matsaloli."
A sa'i daya kuma, annobar da ke ci gaba da haifar da cikas a gabar tekun yammacin Amurka da manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin, lamarin da ke nuna cewa daruruwan jiragen ruwan dakon kaya ne ke jira a tekun domin samun tudun mun tsira.A farkon wannan shekara, Maersk ya gargadi abokan ciniki cewa lokacin jira na jiragen ruwa don saukewa ko karban kaya a tashar Long Beach kusa da Los Angeles yana tsakanin kwanaki 38 zuwa 45, kuma ana sa ran "latti" zai ci gaba.
Idan aka dubi kasar Sin, ana kara nuna damuwa cewa nasarar Omicron na baya-bayan nan zai haifar da kara rufe tashar jiragen ruwa.Hukumomin China sun toshe tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yantian da Ningbo na wani dan lokaci a bara.Wannan hane-hane ya haifar da tsaiko ga direbobin manyan motocin da ke jigilar kaya da kaya a tsakanin masana’antu da tashohin ruwa, sannan kuma katsewar samar da kayayyaki da sufuri ya haifar da tsaikon fitar da kaya da dawo da kwantenan da babu kowa a masana’antu na ketare.
A Rotterdam, tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a Turai, ana sa ran za a ci gaba da cinkoso a duk shekara ta 2022. Duk da cewa jirgin ba ya jira a wajen Rotterdam a halin yanzu, ma'auni yana da iyaka kuma haɗin gwiwa a cikin yankin Turai ba shi da kyau.
Emile hoogsteden, darektan kasuwanci na Hukumar Kula da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rotterdam, ya ce: "Muna sa ran cunkoso a tashar Rotterdam za ta ci gaba na wani dan lokaci a shekarar 2022.""Wannan shi ne saboda manyan jiragen ruwa na kwantena na kasa da kasa da karfin tasha ba su karu ba bisa adadin da ya yi daidai da bukata."Duk da haka, a cikin watan Disambar bara, tashar ta sanar da cewa yawan jigilar ta ya zarce kwantena miliyan 15 20 kwatankwacin kafa (TEU) a karon farko.
"A tashar jiragen ruwa na Hamburg, manyan tashoshinta na ayyuka da yawa suna aiki akai-akai, kuma masu sarrafa kwantena suna ba da sabis na agogo 24/7," in ji Axel mattern, Shugaba na kamfanin tallan tashar jiragen ruwa na Hamburg."Babban mahalarta a tashar jiragen ruwa suna ƙoƙarin kawar da cikas da jinkiri da wuri-wuri."
Marigayi jiragen ruwa waɗanda tashar jiragen ruwa na Hamburg ba za su iya shafa su wani lokaci suna haifar da tarin kwantena na fitarwa a tashar tashar jiragen ruwa.Tashoshi, masu jigilar kaya da kamfanonin jigilar kaya da abin ya shafa suna sane da alhakinsu na yin aiki mai sauƙi kuma suna aiki cikin iyakokin yuwuwar mafita.
Duk da matsin lamba akan masu jigilar kaya, 2021 shekara ce mai wadata ga kamfanonin jigilar kaya.Dangane da hasashen alphaliner, mai ba da bayanai na jigilar kayayyaki, ana sa ran manyan kamfanoni 10 da aka jera masu jigilar kaya za su sami ribar ribar da ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 115 zuwa dala biliyan 120 a shekarar 2021. Wannan abin mamaki ne mai daɗi kuma zai iya canza tsarin masana'antu, saboda wadannan kudaden za a iya sake dawo da su, in ji manazarta alphaliner a watan da ya gabata.
Har ila yau, masana'antar ta ci gajiyar saurin farfadowar samar da kayayyaki a Asiya da kuma bukatu mai karfi a Turai da Amurka.Sakamakon karancin karfin kwantena, jigilar kayayyaki a teku ya kusan ninka ninki biyu a bara, kuma hasashen da aka yi tun farko ya nuna cewa jigilar kayayyaki na iya kaiwa matsayi mafi girma a shekarar 2022.
Manazarta bayanan Xeneta sun ba da rahoton cewa kwangilolin farko a cikin 2022 suna nuna babban matsayi a nan gaba."Yaushe zai ƙare?"An tambayi Patrick Berglund, Shugaba na xeneta.
"Masu jigilar kaya da ke son wasu kayan agajin da ake bukata sun yi fama da wani zagaye na nauyi mai nauyi ga farashin layin ƙasa. Ci gaba da ingantaccen guguwar buƙatu mai yawa, wuce gona da iri, cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa, canza halayen mabukaci da rushewar sarƙoƙi na gabaɗaya yana haifar da ƙimar. fashewa, wanda, a gaskiya, ba mu taɓa gani ba."
Matsayin manyan kamfanonin sufurin kwantena na duniya ma ya canza.Alphaliner ya ruwaito a cikin kididdigar jiragen ruwa na duniya a watan Janairu cewa Kamfanin Jirgin Ruwa na Mediterrenean (MSc) ya zarce Maersk ya zama kamfanin jigilar kaya mafi girma a duniya.
MSc yanzu yana aiki da jiragen ruwa na jiragen ruwa na 645 tare da nauyin nauyin 4284728 TEUs, yayin da Maersk yana da 4282840 TEUs (736), kuma ya shiga matsayi mai mahimmanci tare da kusan 2000. Dukansu kamfanoni suna da 17% kasuwar duniya.
CMA CGM na Faransa, tare da karfin sufuri na 3166621 TEU, ya sake dawo da matsayi na uku daga COSCO Group (2932779 TEU), wanda yanzu shine matsayi na hudu, sai Herbert Roth (1745032 TEU).Koyaya, ga s Ren Skou, Shugaba na Maersk, rasa babban matsayi ba ze zama babbar matsala ba.
A cikin wata sanarwa da ya fitar a bara, Skou ya ce, "burin mu ba shine mu zama na daya ba. Burinmu shine mu yi wa abokan cinikinmu aiki mai kyau, samar da riba mai yawa, kuma mafi mahimmanci, mu kasance kamfani nagari, masu ruwa da tsaki a harkokin kasuwanci. da Maersk."Ya kuma bayyana cewa, kamfanin na ba da muhimmanci sosai wajen fadada karfin aikin sa tare da ribar riba mai yawa.
Domin cimma wannan buri, Mars ta sanar da sayen kayan aikin LF da ke da hedkwata a Hong Kong a cikin watan Disamba don fadada iya aiki da dabaru a yankin Asiya Pacific.Dala biliyan 3.6 duk yarjejeniyar tsabar kuɗi ɗaya ce mafi girma da aka samu a tarihin kamfanin.
A wannan watan, PSA International Pte Ltd (PSA) a Singapore ta sanar da wata babbar yarjejeniya.Ƙungiyar tashar jiragen ruwa ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya don samun 100% na hannun jari na BDP International, Inc. (BDP) daga Greenbriar equity group, LP (Greenbriar), wani kamfani mai zaman kansa mai hedkwata a New York.
Wanda ke da hedikwata a Philadelphia, BDP shine mai ba da sabis na duniya na hadadden sarkar samar da kayayyaki, sufuri da hanyoyin dabaru.Tare da ofisoshi 133 a duk duniya, ya ƙware wajen sarrafa sarƙaƙƙiyar sarƙoƙi mai sarƙaƙƙiya da kayan aiki mai da hankali sosai da sabbin hanyoyin ganuwa.
Tan Chong Meng, Shugaba na PSA International Group, ya ce: "BDP za ta zama babbar hanyar samun irin wannan yanayi na farko na PSA - tsarin hada-hadar samar da kayayyaki na duniya da kuma samar da mafita na sufuri tare da damar kayan aiki na karshen-zuwa-karshe. Amfaninsa zai dace da fadada ikon PSA. don samar da sassauƙa, sassauƙa da sabbin hanyoyin jigilar kaya. Abokan ciniki za su amfana daga faffadan damar BDP da PSA yayin da suke haɓaka canjinsu zuwa sarkar wadata mai dorewa."Har yanzu cinikin yana buƙatar amincewar hukuma ta hukuma da sauran sharuɗɗan rufewa na al'ada.
Matsakaicin sarkar samar da kayayyaki bayan barkewar cutar ta kuma kara yin illa ga ci gaban zirga-zirgar jiragen sama.
Dangane da bayanan kasuwar jigilar kayayyaki ta duniya da Kungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (IATA) ta fitar, ci gaban ya ragu a watan Nuwamba 2021.
Yayin da yanayin tattalin arziki ya kasance mai kyau ga masana'antu, rugujewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki da matsalolin iya aiki sun shafi buƙatu.Tunda tasirin cutar ya gurbata kwatancen tsakanin sakamakon wata-wata a cikin 2021 da 2020, an yi kwatancen a cikin Nuwamba 2019, wanda ke bin tsarin buƙatu na yau da kullun.
Dangane da bayanan IATA, buƙatun duniya da aka auna da ton kilomita na kaya (ctks) ya karu da 3.7% idan aka kwatanta da Nuwamba 2019 (4.2% na kasuwancin duniya).Wannan ya yi ƙasa da girma na 8.2% a cikin Oktoba 2021 (2% don kasuwancin duniya) da watannin da suka gabata.
Yayin da yanayin tattalin arziki ke ci gaba da tallafawa bunkasuwar jigilar kayayyaki ta iska, rugujewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki na tafiyar hawainiya saboda karancin ma'aikata, a wani bangare saboda rabe-raben ma'aikata, rashin isasshen wurin ajiya a wasu filayen jiragen sama da kuma karuwar koma bayan aiki a kololuwar karshen shekara.
An bayar da rahoton cunkoso a wasu manyan filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama, da suka hada da filin jirgin sama na Kennedy na New York, da Los Angeles da kuma na Schiphol na Amsterdam.Duk da haka, tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace a Amurka da China ya kasance mai ƙarfi.A Amurka, tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace ya kai 23.5% sama da matakin a watan Nuwamba 2019, yayin da a China, tallace-tallacen kan layi na 11 ya ninka 60.8% sama da matakin na 2019.
A Arewacin Amurka, haɓakar jigilar iska yana ci gaba da gudana ta hanyar buƙatu mai ƙarfi.Idan aka kwatanta da Nuwamba na 2019, adadin jigilar kayayyaki na kasa da kasa na kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasar ya karu da kashi 11.4% a watan Nuwamban 2021. Wannan ya yi kasa sosai fiye da aikin da aka yi a watan Oktoba (20.3%).Cunkoson sarkar kayayyaki a manyan cibiyoyin jigilar kayayyaki a Amurka ya shafi ci gaban.Ƙarfin sufuri na ƙasa da ƙasa ya ragu da 0.1% idan aka kwatanta da Nuwamba 2019.
Idan aka kwatanta da wannan watan a cikin 2019, adadin jigilar kayayyaki na kasa da kasa na kamfanonin jiragen sama na Turai a cikin Nuwamba 2021 ya karu da 0.3%, amma wannan ya ragu sosai idan aka kwatanta da 7.1% a cikin Oktoba 2021.
Kamfanonin jiragen sama na Turai suna fama da cunkoson sarkar samar da kayayyaki da kuma matsalolin iya aiki na gida.Idan aka kwatanta da matakin farko na rikicin, karfin jigilar kayayyaki na kasa da kasa a watan Nuwamba 2021 ya ragu da kashi 9.9%, kuma karfin jigilar manyan hanyoyin Eurasian ya ragu da kashi 7.3% a daidai wannan lokacin.
A cikin Nuwamba 2021, adadin jigilar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa na Asiya Pacific ya karu da kashi 5.2% idan aka kwatanta da wannan watan a shekarar 2019, kadan kadan da karuwar 5.9% a watan da ya gabata.Ƙarfin sufurin ƙasa da ƙasa na yankin ya ragu kaɗan a cikin Nuwamba, ƙasa da 9.5% idan aka kwatanta da 2019.
A bayyane yake cewa annobar ta fallasa raunin tsarin samar da kayayyaki a duniya - matsalar da masana'antar kera kayayyaki za ta ci gaba da fuskanta a bana.Ana buƙatar babban matakin sassauƙa da haɗin kai tsakanin dukkan bangarorin da ke cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki don yin cikakken shiri don rikicin da fatan tunkarar cutar bayan barkewar cutar.
Zuba jari kan ababen more rayuwa na sufuri, kamar manyan saka hannun jari a Amurka, na iya taimakawa wajen inganta ingancin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da filayen jirgin sama, yayin da digitization da sarrafa kansa ke da mahimmanci don ƙara haɓaka hanyoyin dabaru.Duk da haka, abin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba shine yanayin ɗan adam.Karancin ma'aikata - ba kawai direbobin manyan motoci ba - ya nuna cewa har yanzu ana bukatar kokarin kiyaye sarkar samar da kayayyaki.
Sake fasalin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki don tabbatar da dorewa wani kalubale ne.
Har yanzu masana'antar dabaru na da ayyuka da yawa da za su yi, wanda babu shakka ya tabbatar da ikonsa na samar da sassauƙa da mafita.
Source: Gudanar da dabaru
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-31-2022
